Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Economic and Social Effects of Prohibition Essay example

Economic and Social Effects of Prohibition There are many ways in which prohibition of alcohol consumption in the United States of America, damaged the very economic and social aspects of American culture, that it was designed to heal. â€Å"Prohibition did not achieve its goals. Instead, it added to the problems it was intended to solve.† On 16th January 1920, one of the most common personal habits and customs of American society came to a halt. The eighteenth amendment was implemented, making all importing, exporting, transporting, selling and manufacturing of intoxicating liquors absolutely prohibited. This law was created in the hope of achieving the reduction of alcohol consumption, which in turn would reduce: crime, poverty,†¦show more content†¦As a result of this new law, a new social problem arose. â€Å"Seldom has law been more flagrantly violated. Not only did Americans continue to manufacture, barter, and possess alcohol; they drank more of it.† Americans who supported prohibition, argued that if drinking alcohol was illegal, the public would recognize and respect the law, and in turn, would give it up. During the start of prohibition, it appeared as though it was working. But, wh at was really going on, was that since the transportation and production was not allowed, bootleggers had to find ways to do it without being caught. The price of beer rose, because it had to be transported in large barrels, which was more difficult. As a result, people started drinking more potent hard liquor. It took less to get drunk, therefore it was easier to transport, thus, it was cheaper. Americans would drink this potent liquor and get drunk a lot faster, for less money. As a downfall, however, the liquor had no standards. The rate of alcohol related deaths due to poisoning drastically increased from 1,064 in 1920, to 4,154 in 1925. One of the biggest outcomes of prohibition was the development of organized crime. Because liquor was no longer legally available, the public turned to gangsters who took on the bootlegging industry and supplied them with liquor. Because the industry was so immensely profitable, more gangs participated. As a result of the money involved in the bootlegging industry, there was muchShow MoreRelatedThe Negative Effects Of Prohibition1048 Words   |  5 Pagesan institution that could also regulate morals. Though created with good intentions, Prohibition rather had an adverse effect and led to both economic and moral disaster. Due to governmental expansion and growth into spheres not intended in its original design, government harmed America socially and economically, and expanded the facets into which government could have power. Prohibition was enforced for economic reasons in 1917 by Woodrow Wilson as a method to save grain as America entered into WorldRead MoreThe Balloon Effect : A Metaphor That Compares Traditional Drug Prohibition1567 Words   |  7 Pages2 The balloon effect is a metaphor that compares traditional drug prohibition, interdiction, and eradication tactics as the equivalent of trying to squash a balloon without adequate force. Rather than succumb to the weight of the effort, the balloon will simply squash into other directions outside of the location where direct force is being applied. The fact that the drug market in the United States remains robust regardless of various domestic and international drug prohibition, interdiction, andRead MoreLegalization of Drugs Essay1305 Words   |  6 Pagesabout the economic viability of prohibiting certain kind of drugs considered illicit. Many social costs to society are attributable to illicit drugs, along with tobacco, alcohol, and guns. In fact, each of these vices is allegedly responsible for $200 billion annual expenditure in social costs of the USA (Donohue, 2010). Interestingly, all these commodities mentioned above have common characteristics: a sizeable proportion of cons umers responsibly use each of them hence virtually zero social externality;Read MoreAmeric The Rise Of Organized Crime873 Words   |  4 Pagesof organized crime today but where did they arise from? The rise and growth of organized crime in America can be attributed to government intervention in the social lives of the people, the Great Depression, and the jurisdictional limitations set on the authorities at local, state, and federal levels. Government intervention into the social aspects of citizen’s lives ultimately set the stage for organized crime. Mandating certain activities and products as illegal may stop supply, but does not affectRead MoreAn Example Of How Society Changed Change1198 Words   |  5 PagesBrianna Perrotta Crim 220-001 Instructor John Murphy Prompt: Discuss an example of how society was changed due to a change in law: Prohibition. The law is changing everyday for many reasons; these reasons may include Alcohol, Drugs, New ideas, Advancements, Government, Economics, Religion, Education, Family life, Recreation, and New technologies. Crime is the reason America has had to create rules to keep order to our society. These rules are followed my most citizens and those that chose toRead MoreIs the Prohibition of Drugs Useful or Not? Essay1729 Words   |  7 Pagesthe twentieth century, people in many countries become aware of drug prohibition. In fact, every country in the world has a form of drugs prohibition. However, national drug prohibition started in 1920s in the United States as a subgroup of national alcohol prohibition. In 1930 the congress of United States separated drugs from the alcohol prohibition law and created a new federal drug prohibition agency (Levine, 2002). Prohibition may be defined as the set of policies which ban all production, distributionRead MoreLegalizing Marijuana Speech Essay1350 Words   |  6 PagesProblem Outline: Weed Country Thesis: There is a significant amount of attention in today’s world on weather or not to legalize marijuana. The prohibition of marijuana is holding up the improvement of social and economic developments. Introduction I. [Attention-Getter] Would you want the government limiting how much coffee you can drink or how much cheesecake you’re allowed to eat? According to Dr. Paul Phinney, president-elect of the California medical association has found these types ofRead More Prohibiton Was a Failure Essay1517 Words   |  7 Pages Prohibition Was a Failure   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alcohol is illegal! â€Å"The reign of tears is over. The slums will soon be a memory. We will turn our prisons into factories and our jails into storehouses and corncribs. Men will walk upright now; women will smile and children will laugh. Hell will be forever rent† (Thorton 9). The Eighteenth Amendment of the Constitution went into effect on January 16, 1920, with three-fourths vote from congress (Boorstin 994). The National Prohibition of Alcohol was adopted toRead MoreCauses and Consequences of Alcohol Prohibition1399 Words   |  6 PagesProhibition and other substance bans have a long history in the United States dating back to the late 19th century. Cohen (2006) believed the root cause for drug-prohibition movement, including alcohol, derives from race. In the era of mass US immigration, Chinese, Mexicans, Black Africans, and European denominations, posed a democratic threat to White â€Å"native† Americans. White Racial fears amplified the moral problem of drug use to the Protestant Church by associating drugs with individual racialRead MoreThe Success of Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal718 Words   |  3 PagesDeal was characterized by liberal use of government resources to provide relief, recovery, and reform to a nation that had been reeling from the aftermath of the Great Depression. While the immediate success of Roosevelt’s New Deal in mitigating the effects of the Great Depression is debatable, it’s long lasting impact on American government is still felt today. One of the earliest major programs of the New Deal was the Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act, which created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

A Guide to Case Analysis Core Concepts and Analytical...

A Guide to Case Analysis I keep six honest serving men (They taught me all I knew); Their names are What and Why and When; And How and Where and Who. Rudyard Kipling 2 STRATEGY: Core Concepts and Analytical Approaches I n most courses in strategic management, students use cases about actual companies to practice strategic analysis and to gain some experience in the tasks of crafting and implementing strategy. A case sets forth, in a factual manner, the events and organizational circumstances surrounding a particular managerial situation. It puts readers at the scene of the action and familiarizes them with all the relevant circumstances. A case on strategic management can concern a whole industry, a single organization, or some part†¦show more content†¦Usually, case discussions produce good arguments for more than one course of action. Differences of opinion nearly always exist. Thus, should a class discussion conclude without a strong, unambiguous consensus on what do to, don’t grumble too much when you are not told what the answer is or what the company actually did. Just remember that in the business world answers don’t come in conclusive black-and-white terms. There are n early always several feasible courses of action and approaches, each of which may work out satisfactorily. Moreover, in the business world, when one elects a particular course of action, there is no peeking at the back of a book to see if you have chosen the best thing to do and no one to turn to for a provably correct answer. The best test of whether management action is â€Å"right’ or â€Å"wrong† is results. If the results of an action turn out to be â€Å"good,† the decision to take it may be presumed â€Å"right.† If not, then the action chosen was â€Å"wrong† in the sense that it didn’t work out Hence, the important thing for you to understand about analyzing cases is that the managerial exercise of identifying, diagnosing, and recommending is aimed at building your skills of business judgment. Discovering what the company actually did is no more than frosting on the cake—the actions that company managers actually took may or may not beShow MoreRelatedSystems Intervention Strategy1659 Words   |  7 Pagesmeasured by return on investment and increased turnover taking into account increased costs of running an expanded business if this path is chosen. Required staffing levels can also be calculated and recruitment needs calculated. Design Following the analytical stages above, the fourth stage is to develop as wide a range of different options as possible. This may include looking at the practicalities of developing a restaurant, or developing the garden centre business The fifth stage is to model variousRead MoreCase Study : Spiral Model For Software Engineering Essay1671 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness School case: Should you build strategy like you build software Compare the case with what is written in the book, How are they similar? how are they different? What is the advantage/disadvantage of each? In this assignment I will discuss the strategy approaches that was mentioned in both the case study and the information regarding the organizational strategies and approaches mentioned in the chapter 6. First I will talk about the strategies and approaches mentioned in the case study. The strategiesRead MoreLeadership Analysis : The Everest Simulation Essay1906 Words   |  8 Pagesalternative implementations of said theory in task-oriented teams in high-pressure situations. 2.2 Management Research Evidence Mitchell, et al (1970) provide a critical analysis of the contingency model, and suggests alternative ways in which to assess situational favourability. Mitchell, et al (1970) begin by reviewing the underlying concepts of the contingency model. They confirm the suggestion that effective leadership relies on the style and control that a leader exerts over a situation, as well confirmingRead MoreIssues in Global Business1296 Words   |  6 PagesModule Title Issues in Global Business and Strategic Concepts       Module Code 6IM 501      Module Level 6 Credit value 40      Total Number 400 of Learning Hours Key Words Implementation of Global strategy, strategy and the organisation, strategic development, globalisation, international business and the environment, internationalisation.      Module Description There has been a fundamental shiftRead MoreCase Study 1- Apple Inc Essay examples1488 Words   |  6 PagesCase Case Study #1 Apple Inc. Dixie Corbin MGMT 670 Fall 2013 What does a competitive strength assessment reveal about Apples computer business as compared to the leaders in personal computer industry? Use the methodology in Table 4.2 to support your answer. Does it appear that the companys competitive positions in the media players and smartphones are stronger or weaker than its position in computers? Table 4.1 is in Chapter 4, page 65; Table 4.2 is the SWOT analysis, page 71. AppleRead MoreReview of Core Competence1852 Words   |  8 PagesThe review of â€Å"The Core Competence of the Corporation† Introduction When many corporations were struggling in unstable and unpredictable competitive environment in the 1990s, the proposition of the concept of core competence became the dominant framework in management theory (Liu, 2006). This essay will review the article entitled â€Å"the core competence of the corporation† by Prahalad and Hamel from three aspects. Initially the position of the article will be analyzed compared with the Porter’sRead MoreStrategic Management and Harvard Business Review2940 Words   |  12 Pages* To understand some definitions of â€Å"strategy† * To be aware of what the strategic management process involves * To understand the concept of Sustainable Competitive Advantage2. The Business Environment 1 * To understand why the business environment is important and how its fits into the strategic process * To understand how to carry out a PESTEL analysis * To understand the key driving factors in the global environment | | Reading | ES Chapters 1 and 2 | Week 2w/c | Lectures | 3.Read MoreKkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk6406 Words   |  26 PagesEngineering Core Engineering Electives Management and Human Factors Automotive Engineering Seminar and Capstone Project TOTAL PROGRAM: Semester Credit 9 9 6 6 30 The M. Eng. Degree in Automotive Engineering requires a total of 30 credits—27 of which must be letter (A-E) graded. A minimum grade point average of 5.0/9.0 (â€Å"B† average) is required for graduation. Of the 30 credit hours, 24 must be 500 level or above. At most, 6 credit hours can be at the 400-level. SYSTEMS ENGINEERING CORE (9 credits) Read MoreAviation Centered Spatial Development And The Regional Development Of The Central Business District1940 Words   |  8 PagesLITERATURE REVIEW The literature in this field centers on on the different land-use theories that would be applicable to aviation - centered spatial development. The early theorictial concepts of airport development focused on the regional development of the Central Business District (CBDs) where airports were often located on the outlining areas of cities. Land-use around airports was not viewed as an integral component in the economic vitality of urban planning. Early land - use theories included:Read MoreCritical Thinking Academic Writing2742 Words   |  11 Pagesreading and writing as a student of Health Care. TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS PAGE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 Application of Critical Thinking Skills in reading and writing as a student of Health care 5 2.1 Interpretation 6 2.2 Analysis 6 2.3 Evaluation 7 2.4 Inference 8 2.5 Explanation 8 2.6 Self-Regulation 9 3.0 Conclusion 10 References 11 INTRODUCTION Thinking critically is thinking carefully with clarity, depth, precision, accuracy

Monday, December 9, 2019

Case Study for United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

Question: Critically evaluate the impact of decisions from any one of the UNFCCC Meetings. Discuss Conference of Parties on the energy policy of any oil producing country. Answer: Introduction United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)was set up in the year 1992 by all the countries to monitor the climate of the world. The International Treaty was signed by all the countries to fight the climatic change and promised the world to reduce global temperature. Impacts of increase in global average temperature were a challenge all over the world. In 1995, Kyoto Protocol was launched by countries to increase the response of global change. The primary focus was on the developed countries to reduce emission targets. In Kyoto protocol, there are 1962 parties and in Convention party strength is 196. Kyoto Protocol started in 2008 and was completed by 2012. Paris agreement was introduced on 12th December 2015. The primary objective of the accord is evolving latest steps to control the climatic change. The motto of Paris agreement is to accelerate the steps to reduce carbon emission. UNFC is aiming to keep the global temperature rise to two degrees (Adamo 2015). Evaluation and impact of decisions of UNFCCC Meeting United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 2015 was held in Paris on 12th December 2015. Different types of issues were discussed at this meeting. Agenda of the meeting in short are sustainable development in 2030, adoption of Sendai Framework and adidas ababa action agenda. Change of climate is a severe threat to human societies, and it should not be neglected. All the countries should take steps to prevent degradation of the atmosphere and should also look for less emission of greenhouse gases. Human health is also taken into consideration and according to that less carbon should be emitted to the atmosphere. UNFCCC also had a detailed discussion on rights of human, health of people and problems faced by the disabled person (strm et al. 2013). Harmful Gases which are being released in the atmosphere are also affecting the temperature of the global environment. There is also an immediate need for provision for finance technology and capacity building of all the countries. Sustainable energy is highly needed in less developed countries like Africa and some parts of South America. Establishment of Ad hoc working group to enter into the workforce group is required. Ad hoc group should also report to Conference of parties to complete the first session of the agreement. This group should also prepare drafts for the Conference of Parties (COP). Parties were invited to take part in ratification and approval of Paris agreement. Technology should be upgraded and should meet the human demands. Importance is also given to financial resources which include appropriate result based payments, new policy implementations and pressure is kept on reducing emissions. Forest is needed to be conserved and should be properly looked after. Sustainable policies should be implied to prevent forest degradations. Programs should also be taken of non-carbon benefits in the atmosphere. The relevant decision was taken by COP to serve the Kyoto Protocol (Bhmelt 2013). Technology should be updated in supporting research and development. Assessment is also required before application of technology because feasibility is needed. The aim of capacity building in developing countries is to address the gap between current and emerging trends. Capacity building will also manage the oversee work. Capacity gaps needed to be found out and work accordingly. Tools and methods needed to promote capacity building. Identifying challenges and good practices are required slowly. Developing countries finding out building ownership and is managing space and time. Knowledge is needed to be updated and always at par (Boyd 2012). A term of capacity building is very high and includes a comprehensive review. Education training and public awareness are adequately required. There is a great need for global environment facility, and voluntary contribution is necessary to support global environment facility (Scott 2014). The primary focus of the meeting is to climatic change and it been termed as THE EMISSION ZERO GLOBAL. Climates have changed drastically over the last few decades, and one of the reason is carbon emission. Global warming has increased and every type of weather degradation being discussed here. In this meeting discussion of extreme weather events have been done which included environmental events like snowfall, hail in tropics, flood and many more. Heavy snow is hampering the normal flow of life of the human beings in the Antarctic regions. Cars and roads are being buried by snow. Temperature is increasing all over the world which leads to flood claiming thousands of lives. House of people are being flooded, and there is no food, and all is under water. Droughts are also an important part of climate change. Everywhere there is heat and no food. Smokers are also a part of emission of carbon in the atmosphere. Wildfire is also increasing day by day. Epidemics are also spreading which cl aims the life of human and animals hugely. Bacteria and parasites are also increasing because of climate change. Super storms are also claiming lives and all these things are being discussed only. Steps were not taken and time has come to take necessary steps (Camp 2014). Many of the developed countries are not following the rules and regulation and is not co-operating. So a binding treaty is required to be introduced. Detailed research has been done by the experts before the introduction of this agreement. Before coming to treaty Managing Director of Be Green Forestry Pong path, Kajornphuwapong said he want to put light on something special. Two decades were taken to develop miracle tree to protect climate change. The name given was miracle tree because it cannot be described. These trees were planted in the tropical climate and within two years it had a width of seventy-seven cms, fifteen metres high and weight of one pound. These trees draw nutrients, water and vitamins from the soil for their livings. After photosynthesis, these trees make the soil fertile for release of chemical substances. These trees prevent landslide and erosion of soil. Seeds of the tree are also well preserved in boxes for future use. Name of the tree was given to their last name as kajornphuwapong tree. These trees are made up of softwood, have straight cylindrical trunks and are self-pruning. As these trees are self-pruning, the lower branches help to grow a new tree and these help in forest development. These trees protect soil erosion through the evaporating water to ground. In these trees, water goes up during the day and comes down in the night. Along with all these the tree also absorbs a high amount of carbon. This tree also filled up the environment with a lot of oxygen than other trees. Depleted soils can also be converted into rich one within a short limit of time (Gaffney and Lahel 2013). In this project renewable energy is used, and this helps in opening of a new job. Renewable fossil fuel companies can benefit both the environment and the company. Managed forest is also require beside natural forest. Local people will also be benefitted by having a new job. Income will be increased and will reduce inequalities. Bioenergy can also be generated, and there will be a reduction of carbon. Plantation of the trees will also create a new economy of about 3.21 billion. Gradually it will be spread all over the world and scope of having renewable energy. These in short are outcomes of UNFCCC meeting in Paris 2015 (Lesniewska 2013). Energy policy of oil producing company Energy policy of Venezuela has been discussed by the author. In the western hemisphere, Venezuela has the largest reserve of oil and also the second leader in natural gas. Venezuela also has the non-conventional oil deposits. Non-conventional oil deposits consist of crude oil, tar sands and bitumen. Venezuela also holds the top most rank in hydroelectric power production and supply it to a majority of the world (Neeff 2013). Development Oil industry of Venezuela was nationalized in the year 1975. PdVSA is one of the largest employers in the country, and it contributes one third of the countrys GDP. The policy also changed with the introduction of a new system in 1990. Name of the new policy is Apertura Petrolera. This also helped Venezuela to open up links with different foreign countries and it companies like BP, Chevron and many others. In 2001, a new hydrocarbon law was amended which overpowered the law of 1943. The oil companies were nationalized in 2007 and were forced to sign an agreement. Companies failing to sign the agreement were immediately taken over by PdVSA. However as years are passing on PdVSA is wakened up, and many of the nations boost energy supply (Omgba 2014). Energy resource Oil: Venezuela is one of the countries which is rich in oil production. They have maintained this quality over the century producing more than one sixty million tons which contribute to about 4% of the world production. Venezuela holds the seventh position in oil production and also dominating in oil export. It is also leading to petroleum reserve with near about 300 billion barrels (Schneider and Lazarus 2015). Natural gas: Venezuela is the top rank holder in natural gas production and eighth largest in the world. The production amounts to about 5.5 trillion cubic meters. There is a problem in transport and distribution channel of natural gas in the country. This is creating a problem for the maximum use of the resources. However, the maximum percentage of domestic gas is being used by the industry of petroleum. Renewable of the natural gas is playing an important part, and about thirty percentage of natural gas is again put back to the main reservoir. Plans are also taken by the different private producer to redevelop power plants (Parker et al. 2015). Tar sands and heavy oils: Near about 1200 billion barrels of tar sands being produced. Technology is playing an important part to provide it (Sprinks 2012). Coal: Coal, which is mainly produced in Venezuela, is bituminous coal. This coal is mainly being exported to Latin America and Europe. Production is mainly done by Carbouzilla, which is a former part of PdVSA and controlled by states of Venezuela. The primary production of coal is from Guasare Basin located in Colombian border. Production of coal is near about 9.5 million short tons. There has also been a plan to develop the coal industry by the railway line construction. These railway lines make a mode of communication between the coal mines and new ports (Reinecke et al. 2014). Electricity: The Main source of electricity is hydropower and accounts to near about 71%and production of 320TWh per annum has been noticed. Production of hydroelectricity is mainly done in Caroni River. Mainly production is done in four different dams in Venezuela. Guri dam generates near about ten thousand megawatts and third largest in the world. CVG Electrification is the largest state owned power companies and also a subsidiary of a mining company. The system of power transmission is mainly operated by EDELCA and CADAFE (Reza and Polytechnique 2015). Environmental issues The environment is also a part to look after. Emission of different types of waste product is harming the environment. Carbon is being emitted at a huge rate. Daily production of oil is creating a severe pollution in Caribbean coast. Different lakes and water bodies are also being affected. Steps are taken monitor it. New technologies are also being introduced to prevent degradation of the environment (Jamaledin and Azar 2014). Conclusion Different topics have been discussed in above writings. It has been found United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) looks after the climate of the world. They look after the carbon emission, global warming and also other issues. In this writing, meeting of UNFCCC which has been held in Paris 2015 climatic change has been the most important part. The environmental degradation which has been taking place all over the world is the main issue. The cause of different natural disasters is being talked upon. Human beings are trying to find out a way to fight this disaster. Mr. Pongpath Kajornphuwapong has invented a tree which he named after his name and said it will protect the world. In another, part energy policy of Venezuela is being discussed. The volume of production of natural resources, its development and how to prevent the atmosphere from degradation is clearly being considered. References Adamo, S.B. 2015, "About mitigation, adaptation and the UNFCCCs 21st Conference of the Parties",Revista Brasileira de Estudos de Populao,vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 609-618. strm, S., Tohka, A., Bak, J., Lindblad, M. Arnell, J. 2013, "Potential impact on air pollution from ambitious national CO2 emission abatement strategies in the Nordic countries environmental links between the UNFCCC and the UNECE CLRTAP",Energy Policy,vol. 53, pp. 114-124. Bhmelt, T. 2013;2012;, "A closer look at the information provision rationale: Civil society participation in states delegations at the UNFCCC",The Review of International Organizations,vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 55-80. Boyd, A. 2012, "Informing international UNFCCC technology mechanisms from the ground up: Using biogas technology in South Africa as a case study to evaluate the usefulness of potential elements of an international technology agreement in the UNFCCC negotiations process",Energy Policy,vol. 51, pp. 301-311. Camp, E.C. 2014, "Oil and gas law",Texas Tech Law Review,vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 827. Gaffney, J. Lahel, A. 2013, "Political Performance and Leadership Persona: The UK Labour Party Conference of 2012",Government and Opposition,vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 481. Lesniewska, F. 2013, "UNFCCC REDD+ COP Decisions: The Cumulative Effect on Forest Related Law Processes",International Community Law Review,vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 103-121. Neeff, T. 2013, "How many will attend Paris? UNFCCC COP participation patterns 1995-2015",Environmental Science and Policy,vol. 31, pp. 157. Omgba, L.D. 2014, "Institutional foundations of export diversification patterns in oil-producing countries",Journal of Comparative Economics,vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 1052-1064. Parker, C.F., Karlsson, C., Hjerpe, M., Tema Miljfrndring, Linkpings universitet, Institutionen fr tema, Centrum fr klimatpolitisk forskning Filosofiska fakulteten 2015, "Climate change leaders and followers: Leadership recognition and selection in the UNFCCC negotiations",International Relations,vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 434-454. Reinecke, S., Pistorius, T. Pregernig, M. 2014, "UNFCCC and the REDD+ Partnership from a networked governance perspective",Environmental Science Policy,vol. 35, pp. 30-39. Reza Mirnezami, S. Polytechnique Montreal, C.P. 6079, City-Center Branch, Montreal (QC) Canada H3C 3A7 2015, "Do Oil-Producing Countries Have Normal Oil Overconsumption? An Investigation of Economic Growth and Energy Subsidies",AIMS Energy,vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 267-283. S Jamaledin Mohseni Zonouzi, Mansourfar, G. Azar, F.B. 2014, "Benefits of international portfolio diversification: Implication of the Middle Eastern oil-producing countries",International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management,vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 457. Schneider, L., Kollmuss, A. Lazarus, M. 2015, "Addressing the risk of double counting emission reductions under the UNFCCC",Climatic Change,vol. 131, no. 4, pp. 473-486. Scott, S.V. 2014;2015;, "Does the UNFCCC Fulfil the Functions Required of a Framework Convention? Why Abandoning the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Might Constitute a Long Overdue Step Forward",Journal of Environmental Law,vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 69. Sprinks, J. 2012, "Burnham highlights extent of privatisation in primary care.(Labour Party's health spokesperson Andy Burnham)(Labour Party Conference News)",Nursing Standard,vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 11.

Monday, December 2, 2019

Thomas Jefferson Essays (887 words) - Thomas Jefferson,

Thomas Jefferson Not only was he one of our founding fathers, he was also the third president of the U.S. and the chairman of the Declaration of Independence committee. Thomas Jefferson was born at Shadwell in Albemarle County, Va. on the thirteenth of April in 1743. His father, Peter Jefferson, was a wealthy land owner, but not really high up. He married Jane Randolph Jefferson who was from one of the first families in Virginia. Thomas Jefferson had a house named Monticello, which was built on his father's land,in which he put a great deal of time. In 1772 he brought Martha Unyles Skelton, his wife, there. He had only two children who lived through infancy, but he had six altogether. When his wife died after ten years of marriage he went to Paris to get away from it all. Some say that in Paris he fell in love with another women and that's why he always supported the French, even through the bloody revolution. Jefferson was elected President in a very close match with Aaron Burr. When the votes were counted each had seventy-three votes so it had to be decided by the House of Representatives. Jefferson was obviously declared the winner. He was not a very outspoken man like his predecessors had been. In fact, he dressed rather casual, never wore a wig, and disliked public speaking which is probably why he didn't address congress in person. He loved Paris and all facets about it. He enjoyed fine cuisine and wine. Jefferson did not believe in slavery, but did not free his slaves as had Washington. In his inaugural address, he said they were "all Republicans, all Federalists in their devotion to the union," in an attempt to bury the differences between his opponents and him. Jefferson, in his inaugural address, promised: 1. "equal and exact justice to all men" of every shade of political and religious opinion; 2. friendship with all nations, but no alliances; 3. respect for the rights of all states while still presenting the"constitutional vigor" of the national government; 4. encouragement of agriculture and commerce; 2 5. freedom of speech, press, and elections 6. economy and honesty in the management of the country's finances. Jefferson was not a dumb man, he knew he had to have a bigger support base. In order to do this, he followed a moderate course of action to win some Federalists over to the Republicans side. He wanted to reduce the national debt by reducing the army and navy. He hand picked only the most brilliant people for his cabinet. His cabinet included: 1. Secretary of State: The architect of the constitution, James Madison and; 2. Secretary of the Treasury: A financier from Pennsylvania, Swiss-born Albert Gallatin. Gallatin, following Jefferson's ideas, came up with a budget that made about seventy percent go to paying off the debt which meant that defense money was cut in half. He also came up with a new five year naturalization act. The Alien and Sedition Acts and the excise tax, which had started the Whiskey Rebellion, were repealed. The Bank and tariff were allowed to continue, though. While Jefferson was in office he was hassled by the Barbary pirates like every other country. He decided to do something about it. The Barbary pirates were asking for more and more "presents," so Jefferson sent some warships to tell the pirates off. They got the message, but at a lower rate. The problem wasn't really solved until the French captured Algiers in 1830. Jefferson also saw the Mississippi was a very, very important river. He thought that he would have to deal with Spain, but Napoleon, from France, bought the Louisiana Territory for his own plans. When Jefferson heard about this, he sent Monroe and Livingston to just buy the area around the mouth of the Mississippi, but, when they got there, Napoleon's plans for invading Haiti were foiled so he was willing to sell 3 the WHOLE Louisiana area!! Monroe and Livingston snatched up the deal for $15 million before Napoleon could change his mind. They could only hope they were supported when they got back. Jefferson asked Congress to approve the money and showed the strength to go against everything he's preached and went for "broad" construction instead of his usual "strict" construction. Congress approved the money and, since they were already planning an expedition behind Spain's back, they sent an expedition to go exploring. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were chosen for this. They started out in 1804 with about